Percubaan Sejarah SPM 2010, Kertas 2 MRSM

Soalan Struktur:

1) Pengaruh Hindu-Buddha di Asia Tenggara
2) Dasar Pertanian dan Pemilikan Tanah di T.Melayu pada abad ke-20
3) Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM)
4) Dasar Perpaduan Bangsa - Akta Bahasa Melayu & Sukan

Soalan Esei:

5) Tamadun Indus
6) Teori-Teori Kedatangan Islam ke Asia Tenggara
7) Pembentukan dan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963
8) Demokrasi Berparlimen - YDPA
9) Globalisasi & ICT

Nota: Terima kasih kepada Cikgu Salleh (MRSM Taiping) yang sudi menyumbang dan berkongsi info peperiksaan

Be Alert!! Facebook in Privacy Breach

Many of the most popular applications, or "apps," on the social-networking site Facebook Inc. have been transmitting identifying information—in effect, providing access to people's names and, in some cases, their friends' names—to dozens of advertising and Internet tracking companies, a Wall Street Journal investigation has found.

The issue affects tens of millions of Facebook app users, including people who set their profiles to Facebook's strictest privacy settings. The practice breaks Facebook's rules, and renews questions about its ability to keep identifiable information about its users' activities secure.

The problem has ties to the growing field of companies that build detailed databases on people in order to track them online—a practice the Journal has been examining in its What They Know series. It's unclear how long the breach was in place. On Sunday, a Facebook spokesman said it is taking steps to "dramatically limit" the exposure of users' personal information.

"A Facebook user ID may be inadvertently shared by a user's Internet browser or by an application," the spokesman said. Knowledge of an ID "does not permit access to anyone's private information on Facebook," he said, adding that the company would introduce new technology to contain the problem identified by the Journal.

"Our technical systems have always been complemented by strong policy enforcement, and we will continue to rely on both to keep people in control of their information," the Facebook official said.

"Apps" are pieces of software that let Facebook's 500 million users play games or share common interests with one another. The Journal found that all of the 10 most popular apps on Facebook were transmitting users' IDs to outside companies.

The apps, ranked by research company Inside Network Inc. (based on monthly users), include Zynga Game Network Inc.'s FarmVille, with 59 million users, and Texas HoldEm Poker and FrontierVille. Three of the top 10 apps, including FarmVille, also have been transmitting personal information about a user's friends to outside companies.

Most apps aren't made by Facebook, but by independent software developers. Several apps became unavailable to Facebook users after the Journal informed Facebook that the apps were transmitting personal information; the specific reason for their unavailability remains unclear.

The information being transmitted is one of Facebook's basic building blocks: the unique "Facebook ID" number assigned to every user on the site. Since a Facebook user ID is a public part of any Facebook profile, anyone can use an ID number to look up a person's name, using a standard Web browser, even if that person has set all of his or her Facebook information to be private. For other users, the Facebook ID reveals information they have set to share with "everyone," including age, residence, occupation and photos.

apps reviewed by the Journal were sending Facebook ID numbers to at least 25 advertising and data firms, several of which build profiles of Internet users by tracking their online activities.

Defenders of online tracking argue that this kind of surveillance is benign because it is conducted anonymously. In this case, however, the Journal found that one data-gathering firm, RapLeaf Inc., had linked Facebook user ID information obtained from apps to its own database of Internet users, which it sells. RapLeaf also transmitted the Facebook IDs it obtained to a dozen other firms, the Journal found.

Related Stories:
1) Facebook in Privacy Breach
2) More Questions for Facebook
3) How Facebook Ruins Friendships
4) Facebook, MySpace Confront Privacy Loophole

Rahsia Pengurusan Masa Pelajar Cemerlang

1. Masa sebelum tidur - masa berbaring sebelum tidur. Amalkan teknik belajar secara bayangan. Menulis atau menyelesaikan masalah dengan cara menulis dengan menggunakan jari telunjuk di atas tilam.
2. Masa terbangun di tengah malam (belajar seperti No.1)
3. Masa bangun tidur. Subuh/pagi.(bayangkan pelajaran semalam).
4. Masa ke tandas waktu pagi (ingatkan perkara yang terlupa)
5. Masa ke tandas waktu malam (sama seperti No.4)
6. Masa bercermin (Lekatkan nota penting pada cermin)
7. Masa sarapan pagi (baca selembar dua suratkhabar)
8. Masa berjalan ke sekolah (Tanya diri-sifir dan formula)
9. Masa menunggu bas (Ulangkaji kad nota atau bayangkan)
10. Masa di dalam bas atau kereta (ulangkaji harian/cepat)
11. Masa berjalan ke sekolah ( tanya diri pasal sifir , formula dan lain-lain lagi)
12. Masa sampai awal pagi ke sekolah ( ulangkaji harian/cepat)
13. Masa menunggu cikgu yang terlewat (ulangkaji cepat)
14. Masa rehat (ke perpustakaan baca ringkasan buku-buku)
15. Masa sebelum pulang (Lewatkan pulang buat kerja rumah)
16. Masa berjalan pulang ( tanya diri pasal sifir)
17. Masa berada dalam bas ( baca kad nota)
18. Masa rehat selepas makan (baca novel/ majalah)
19. Masa rehat selepas makan malam (baca rencana akhbar dan lain-lain)
20. Masa menonton tv (melukis rajah-rajah, peta, tulis formula dan lain-lain)

Palestine Will Be Free

Konvoi Asia ke Gaza

NEW DELHI - Hampir 500 aktivis kemanusiaan dari 17 negara Asia sudah bersedia untuk menyertai konvoi melalui jalan darat dan laut bagi menghantar bantuan kepada penduduk Palestin.

Konvoi itu dijadualkan bertolak dari New Delhi, India pada 2 Disember nanti dan dijangka tiba di Gaza pada 27 Disember.

Dari India, konvoi akan bergerak melalui Pakistan, Iran, Turki, Syria, Lubnan dan Jordan.

Apabila tiba di Syria, kesemua aktivis berserta trak, bas sekolah dan bantuan kemanusiaan yang dibawa akan meneruskan perjalanan menggunakan jalan laut menuju ke Gaza.

Antara negara Asia yang menghantar wakil menyertai konvoi kemanusiaan terbaru ini adalah Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Jepun, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Iran, Iraq, Turki, Syria, Mesir, Jordan dan Lubnan.

Para aktivis dijadualkan menyertai perhimpunan khas di semua negara yang dilalui dalam perjalanan menuju ke Gaza.

Sumber: Sinar Harian, 12/10/ 2010

Format Baru PMR Dan UPSR Mulai 2016

SYDNEY: Peperiksaan Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) dan Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) akan menggunakan format baru mulai 2016, kata Timbalan Perdana Menteri Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin.

Beliau berkata peperiksaan bagi pelajar Tingkatan Tiga akan dibuat melalui penilaian berasaskan sekolah manakala peperiksaan UPSR bagi murid Tahun 6 akanmempunyai bentuk dan format yang agak berbeza.

Muhyiddin yang juga Menteri Pelajaran berkata kementerian perlu mengambil masa untuk melaksanakan sistem penilaian yang baru itu kerana pelajar yang ada dalam sistem sekarang tidak boleh dibebani dengan format baru.

"Kalau kita nak mulakan penambahbaikan UPSR dan PMR itu, ia mungkin akan bermula seawal-awalnya pada tahun 2016.

"Pelajar yang telah ada dalam sistem sekarang ini tidak perlu kita hadapkan dengan ujian baru kerana mereka telah berada dalam sistem ini...tapi kohort yang baru masuk mungkin pada 2011, maka ujian yang pertama ialah pada 2016," katanya kepada wartawan Malaysia di sini, Sabtu.

Beliau berkata rundingan ketiga dan terakhir meja bulat mengenai penambahbaikan sistem peperiksaan itu telah selesai dan mereka menerima baik pandangan dan cadangan penambahbaikan yang dikemukakan kementerian.

"Secara kasarnya saya boleh sebutkan, umumnya ramai bersetuju bahawa UPSR itu perlu dikekalkan tetapi mesti ada penambahbaikan manakala bagi PMR pula umum bersetuju ia diganti dengan penilaian berasaskan sekolah.

"Yang penting di sini ialah setiap peringkat kemajuan murid dan pelajar sekolah itu perlu dinilai," katanya.

Muhyiddin berkata antara penambahbaikan yang mungkin dilakukan untuk UPSR ialah 60 peratus penilaian murid akan berasaskan bidang-bidang akademik yang terpilih manakala 40 peratus lagi berdasarkan kokurikulum atau sivik.

Beliau berkata perkara itu akan dibawa ke Kabinet dan maklumat terperinci mengenai penambahbaikan itu akan diumum apabila ia diputuskan secara muktamad.

Mengenai penilaian berasaskan sekolah bagi PMR pula, Muhyiddin berkata Lembaga Peperiksaan akan memainkan peranan penting untuk menyelaras bentuk ujian yang akan dilakukan di peringkat sekolah itu.

"Mungkin dalam masa seminggu lagi kita akan maklumkan secara muktamad," katanya.
Muhyiddin berkata penambahbaikan itu akan memperkukuhkan lagi sistem dan kualiti pendidikan negara, dan tidak dilihat sebagai berasaskan peperiksaan semata-mata.

Beliau berkata program perintis penilaian berasaskan sekolah itu telah dilaksanakan sejak 2008 dan sehingga kini ia melibatkan 550 sekolah.

Penambahbaikan sistem peperiksaan UPSR dan PMR itu akan melibatkan perubahan dari segi kurikulum, buku dan latihan untuk guru, katanya.

Sumber: BERNAMA, 9hb Oktober 2010

History of Commonwealth Games

While the whole world is getting ready for the 2010 Commonwealth Games which will be held at Delhi, it is important to know about the history of the fascinating sporting event. This multinational sport event has a long history.

Considered as the second biggest sports event in the world after Olympics, the history of Commonwealth Games dates back to 1930s when the event was held for the first time. However, the concept of conducting a sports event like this trails back to1891.

It was Reverend Astley Cooper, who for the first time proposed for a common platform of sports for the members belonging to the British Empire. The underlying aim behind organizing for a sporting event like this was to increase better understanding and goodwill of the British Empire. The idea for organizing Commonwealth Games took shape during the Olympic Games of 1928. The first Commonwealth Games were held in Canada in Hamilton in the year 1930. The name of the event during that time was British Empire Games.

The first British Empire Games or Commonwealth Games were attended by 400 athletes coming from 11 nations. The name was changed to British Empire and Commonwealth Games in the year 1954. The year 1978 is witness to the final change in name from "British Empire and Commonwealth Games" to its present day name "Commonwealth Games." This world famous sporting event is held every four years and mainly involves the participation of the most talented athletes of the Commonwealth.

Presently there are 53 Commonwealth of Nations members. Out of the 71 teams, which individually participate in this event, only six teams have participated in all the Commonwealth Games that include nations like England, Australia, Scotland, New Zealand, England and Wales.

Commonwealth Games is often known as 'Friendly Games'. Some of the sports included in this grand sporting event include swimming, water polo, aquatics, diving, athletics, basketball, table tennis, shooting, weightlifting, fencing, boxing, rugby sevens, hockey, cycling, netball, squash, triathlon, badminton, synchronized swimming, bowls and gymnastics.

While Australia has scored the maximum number of times in the Commonwealth Games for ten games, England is the second highest scoring team for seven games; this country is followed by Canada for one.